Thulium (Tm)
MATERIAL
OVERVIEW
(Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia) Discovered in 1879 by Cleve. Thulium occurs in small quantities along with other rare earths in a number of minerals. It is obtained commercially from monazite, which contains about 0.007% of the element. Thulium is the least abundant of the rare earth elements, but with new sources recently discovered, it is now considered to be about as rare as silver, gold, or cadmium.
Thulium can be isolated by reduction of the oxide with lanthanum metal or by calcium reduction of a closed container. The element is silver-gray, soft, malleable, and ductile, and can be cut with a knife. Twenty five isotopes are known, with atomic masses ranging from 152 to 176. Natural thulium, which is 100% 169Tm, is stable.
Because of the relatively high price of the metal, thulium has not yet found many practical applications. 169Tm bombarded in a nuclear reactor can be used as a radiation source in portable X-ray equipment. 171Tm is potentially useful as an energy source. Natural thulium also has possible use in ferrites (ceramic magnetic materials) used in microwave equipment, and can be used for doping fiber lasers. As with other lanthanides, thulium has a low-to-moderate acute toxic rating. It should be handled with care.
Reference: Los Alamos National Laboratory, <http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/69.html>
GENERAL
PROPERTIES
|
Symbol: |
Tm |
|
Atomic
Number: |
69 |
|
Atomic
Weight: |
168.9342 |
|
Density: |
9.321
gm/cc |
|
Melting
Point: |
1545
oC |
|
Boiling
Point: |
1947
oC |
|
Thermal
Conductivity: |
0.169
W/cm/oK
@ 298.2 oK |
|
Electrical
Resistivity: |
79.0
microhm-cm @ 25 oC |
|
Electronegativity: |
1.2
Paulings |
|
Specific
Heat: |
0.0382
Cal/g/oK
@ 25 oC |
|
Heat
of Vaporization: |
59
K-Cal/gm atom at 1947 oC |
|
Heat
of Fusion: |
4.40
Cal/gm mole |
|
Thermal
Neutron Cross Section: |
118
Barns per Atom |
|
Magnetic
Susceptibility: |
152
x 10-6
Emu
@ Room Temp |
|
Magnetic
Moment: |
1.6
Bohr Magnetons |
|
Temperature
Coefficient of Resistance: |
0.00195
@ 0 oC
to Room Temp
|
TYPICAL ANALYSES
Impurities in ppm
|
Material
/ Purity: |
3N
|
|
Ca |
100 |
|
Er |
100 |
|
Lu |
200 |
|
Mg |
100 |
|
Si |
100 |
|
Yb |
300 |
THULIUM ROD
|
Material |
Purity |
|
Thulium
Rod .250” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Rod .500” |
3N |
Rod is
cut to order and sold by the inch or foot.
THULIUM FOIL
|
Material
|
Purity |
|
Thulium
Foil .001” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .002” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .003” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .004” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .005” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .006” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .007” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .008” |
3N |
|
Thulium
Foil .009” |
3N |
Foil is
cut to order and sold by the square inch or square foot.
THULIUM SHEET
|
Material |
Purity |
|
Thulium
Sheet .010” to .009” |
3N |
Sheet is
cut to order and sold by the square inch or square foot.
THULIUM SPUTTERING
TARGETS
|
Material |
Purity |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 2"D X .125"T |
3N |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 2"D X .250"T |
3N |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 3"D X .125"T |
3N |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 3"D X .250"T |
3N |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 4"D X .125"T |
3N |
|
Thulium
Sputtering Target 4"D X .250"T |
3N |
Additional
sizes available upon request.
THULIUM POWDER, SHOT,
PELLETS, & INGOT
|
Material |
Purity |
| Thulium Ingot | 3N |
|
Thulium Chips |
3N |
|
Thulium
Powder -40 |
3N |
|
Thulium
Powder -40 Mesh, Ampoules Under Dry Argon |
3N |
| Thulium
Powder -40 Mesh, Cans Under Dry Argon |
3N |
Powder,
shot, pellets, and ingots are packaged to order and sold by the gram or
kilogram.
THULIUM COMPOUNDS
|
Material |
Purity |
|
Thulium
Aluminide TmAl2
1/4" Pieces by Down 2N5 |
2N5 |
|
Thulium
Antimonide TmSb 1/4" Pieces by Down 2N5 |
2N5 |
|
Thulium
Boride TmB4
-100 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Bromide TmBr3-xH2O
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Bromide TmBr3
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Chloride TmCl3-xH2O
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Chloride TmCl3
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Fluoride TmF3
1/2" to 1/8" Pieces 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Fluoride TmF3
-200 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Hydride TmH2-3
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Iodide TmI3-xH2O
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Iodide TmI3
-60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Nitride TmN -60 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Oxide Tm2O3
-325 Mesh 3N 5N |
3N, 5N |
|
Thulium
Oxide Tm2O3
1/2" to 1/8" Pieces 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Phosphide TmP -60 Mesh 2N5 |
2N5 |
|
Thulium
Sulfide Tm2S3
-200 Mesh 3N |
3N |
|
Thulium
Telluride Tm2Te3
-20 Mesh 3N |
3N |
Compounds are packaged to order and sold by the gram or kilogram.
|
Material
Safety Data Sheet - MSDS |